Transformers whose secondary voltage is less than its primary voltage are known as Step down transformers. In other words, the Step down transformers output voltage is smaller than the input voltage. These transformers have more turns of wire on the primary coil compared to the secondary coil which results in a smaller induced voltage in the secondary coil.

Indian Step down transformers are designed to reduce the voltage from the primary winding to the secondary winding, this process “steps down” the voltage applied to it. If the secondary coil has half as many turns of wire as that of the primary coil then the output voltage will half of the input voltage. However, decreasing the voltage does not decrease the power instead as the voltage goes down, the current peaks up.

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Step down transformers are built based on the principle of magnetic induction between coils to convert current levels and/or voltage. These are used to convert electrical voltage from one phase or level configuration mostly down to a lower level.

Step down transformers are built using two or more coils made up of insulated wire, which are wound around a core made up of iron. When voltage is applied to the primary coil it magnetizes the iron core, which in turn induces a voltage in the secondary coil. The number of the turns of coil and the ratio between of the two coils determine the amount of voltage transformed.

The process to increase the efficiency of the step down transformers and to reduce the heat depends on the choice of metal type of the windings installed. Copper windings are much more efficient compared to aluminum and several other winding metals, but the only hurdle is that it is expensive. However, in the long run they save on the electrical cost and its efficiency makes up for the cost.